The key symptoms of asthma are coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing and chest tightness. Asthma is an ongoing disease caused by inflammation of the airways, making it difficult to breathe. If the symptoms are severe and persistent, this can even lead to chest deformities.
The characteristic symptoms suggestive of asthma are
- wheeze
- chest tightness
- shortness of breath and
- cough
especially if these symptoms are:
- recurrent
- worse at night or in the early morning, or
- obviously triggered by exercise, irritants, allergens or viral infections.
However, the symptoms and signs of asthma vary widely from person to person and the absence of typical symptoms does not exclude the diagnosis of asthma. In children, a chronic or recurring cough, in the absence of any wheeze or associated atopic features, is unlikely to be asthma.
In young children, asthma is merely a non-allergic disease that is triggered by viral infections of the airways, often labeled as asthmatic bronchitis or wheezy bronchitis. However, the older the child gets the more allergy becomes involved, and from the age of 5 years, most children with asthma have an underlying allergy. Because both asthma and allergic rhinitis are diseases that affect the airways, controlling rhinitis will help control symptoms in people who also have asthma.
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